THE
COMPARISON BETWEEN SMA AND SMK STUDENTS FOCUSED ON SOCIAL LANGUAGE
Abstract
By: Dinni Muhlisina
Binangkit
Universitas Suryakancana
Cianjur
People need language to communicate
their thought to the others. Language is used to convey opinion, feeling and
idea. It is also used to get information or share information. Language is
needed wheter it is written or spoken. Language is very necessary for people as
a mean of communication.
In this study is to extent the
student’s social language for the students of SMA 1 Pasundan and SMK Ar-Rahmah.
This research aimed to knowing what some
reasons and what things that can influence
the differences of social language so that we can know how to used the language
in the correct context.
The author took 5 students of the second
year students of SMA and 5 students of SMK as the sample. Data collection
consisted of surveys on the road in front of their school after they school is
about on Friday, December 13th 2013 is about at 01 pm. and then on
Saturday December 14th 2013, we went to SMK Ar-Rahmah at 12.30 pm. Initially,
a survey instrument to measure students language. The author as a complete
observer, without verbal communications. Method of collection data by means of
observationing surveillance directly at the location. The observation focused on the
social language of the subject. The instruments that used are check list which list
of responden’s names and factors that researched and rating scole which made some
notes. The conclusion of this study is the second year students of SMA 1 Pasundan
and SMK Ar-Rahmah employed different social language. It shows that SMK students
that used impolite language and SMA that used more polite, and for some girls put
on make up too much compared SMA students that more simple make up when they at
school. These are caused by influenced some factors such as physical condition,
personality, education and environment.
Keywords: Social languages of students Senior
High School and Vocational High School in Cianjur, influence of language for
attitudes
Introduction
Speech is used in different ways
among different groups of people. As we
will see, each group has it’s own norms of linguistic behavior. A particular
group may not encourage talking for the sake of talking, and members of such a
group may feel over whelmed by the demands made on them if those others insist
on talking. In contrast, in another group talk may be encouraged to the extent
that it may even appear to be quite disorderly to an observer who has
internalized a different set of ‘rules’ for the conduct of talk. We must try to
understand how different groups of people use their language (or languages) if
we are to achieve a comprhehensive understanding of how that language (or those
languages) is related to the society that uses it. (Ronald Wardhaugh, 2006, p.
242)
Literature
Review
There is theorie underpinning this
research. It is related to social languages as follow: Ethonographies
a. Ethnographies
It
is a study of individual culture, it is primarily a descriptive and non
interpretative study.
b. Varieties
of Talk
It is instructive to look at some of
the ways in which variety people in the world use talk, or sometimes the
absence of talk, i.e., silence, to communicate. For example, Marshall (1961)
has indicated how the ! Kung,
c. The
Ethnography of Speaking
Hymes (1974) has proposed an ethnographic
framework which takes into account the various factors that are involved in
speaking. An ethnography of a communicative event is a description of all
factors that are relevant in understanding how that particular communicative
event achieves its objectives. For convenience, Hymes uses the word SPEAKING as
an acronym for the various factors he deems to be relevant.
The Factors of Ethnography of Speaking
(SPEAKING)
1. The
Setting and Scene (S)
Setting refers to the time and place,
i.e., the concrete physical circumstances in which speech takes place. Within a
particular setting, of course, participants are free to change scenes, as they
change the level of formality (e.g., from serious to joyful). Scene refers to the abstract phycological
setting, or the cultural definition of the accasion.
2. The
participants (P) include various combinations of speaker-listener,
addressor-addressee, or sender-receiver
They generally fill certain socially
specified roles. A two-person conversation involves a speaker and hearer whose
roles change; a ‘dressing down’ involves a speaker and hearer with no role
change; a political speech involves an addressor and addressees (the audience);
and a telephone message involves a sender and a receiver.
3. Ends
(E)
Ends refers to the conventionally
recognized and expected outcomes of an exchange as well as to the personal
goals that participants seek to accomplish on particular occasions. A trial in
a courtroom has a recognizable social in
view, but the various participants, i.e., the judge, jury, prosecution,
defense, accused, and witnesses, have different personal goals.
4. Act
Sequence (A)
Act sequence refers to the actual form
and content of what is said: the precise words used, and the relationship of
what is said to the actual fact topic at hand.
5. Key
(K)
The fifth term refers to the tone,
manner, or spirit in which a particular message is conveyed: light-hearted,
serious, precise, pedantice, mocking, sarcastic, pompous, and so on. The key
may also be marked nonverbally by certain kinds of behavior, gesture, posture,
or even deportment.
6.
Instrumentalities (I)
Instrumentalities refers to the choice
of channel, e.g., oral, written, or telegraphic, and to the actual forms of speech employed, such as
the language, dialect, code, or register that is chosen. Formal, written, legal
language is one instrumentality; spoken Newfoundland English is another
7.
Norms of Interaction and
interpretation (N)
It is refers to the spesipic behavior
and properties that attach to speaking and also to how these may be viewed by
someone who does not share them, e.g., loudness, silence, gaze return, and so
on. For example, there are certain norms of interaction with regard to church services
and and conversing with strangers.
8.
Genre (G)
Genre refers to clearly demarcated
types of utterance; such things as poems, proverbs, riddles, sermons, prayers,
lectures, and editorials. These are all marked in specific ways in contrast to
casual speech. Of course, in the middle of a prayer, a casual aside would be
marked too.
d.
Ethnomethodology
Ethnomethodology is that branch of
sociology which is concerned, among other things, with talk viewed in this way.
Ethnometodologists are intersested in such metters as how people interact,
solve common problems, maintain social contact, perform routine activities, and
show that they know what is going on around them and communicate that knowledge
to others. (Ronald Wardhaugh, 2006, p. 247)
Research
Methodology
This type of study is called as observation
non participation
Observation non participation is
observation without researcher in implemantation as participant or group that
researched. any people use this way. Disadventage of this way, there is a
stalker that can be influence attitude who will be stalk.
Instrumen yang digunakan dalam
melakukan observasi, yaitu checklist, rating scale, anecdotal record, catatan
berkala, dan mechanical device.
a. Check list, list of respondents name and list of factors will
be stalk.
b. Rating scale, an instrument
to write some symptoms by their level.
c. Anecdotal record, a note
that made by researcher about an amazing attitude which shown by respondent.
d. Mechanical device, is used for taking a picture some event to
show by respondent.
Finding
and Discussion
After axamining, analyzing and interpreting data, there
are some facts reveal from this research as it
is explicated below:
There
are many factor to influence for teensagers in the language:
1. Physical condition
Strong influence on the physical condition
of adolences adjustment process.
2. Personality
Willingness, ability to change,
self-regulating, self-realization,
and intelligence areelements of personality.
3. Education
Learning, experience, training, and self isterminatedelementsin
education.
4. Enviorment
Environtment as variables that affected
the adjustment,
including family,school and community.
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SMA 1 PASUNDAN
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SMK AR-RAHMAH
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Ø More polite in communicate.They
communicate to others with slang words as far as they know who’s people want
to talk. Usually, they only use slang words with their truly friends, if they
meet with a stranger or an older people, they use a formal language.
Ø Every sentences have meaning.
Ø Always speak slowly, but a little
bit loudly.
Ø Every see a girl, they always
flirting.
Eexample:
there are groups of SMA students, and when a girl pass them, they talk to her
“Neng aya salam.”
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Ø Impolite in communicate.They
communicate to others with slang words, for example, they always use an
animal language or a bad language (ribaldry),
such as bagong, anjing, sia, kehed,
etc.and these words use for all of people without know them so well.
Ø Every sentences have meaningless.
Ø Always speak loudly.
Ø Every see a girl, they always
flirting and telling something annoying that hurt people.
Example,
there are groups of SMK Ar-Rahmah, and when a girl pass them, they talk to
her “Hey nenggelisih, mun teungalieuk janda.” or “Hey jablay nya?”.
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Conclusions
and Recommendations
Based
on findings and a study above, we can take a lesson that as a young child and as an educated people,
it becomes very important if we are to interact with the
older use a standard language. Although the
standard language is important, but this method is not always
used to everyone. Therefore, there are circumstances
when we have to
talk raw with
people that we are headed. Do not let us talk raw
with peers or playmates,
instead will be underestimated. Use everyday language when
we first seen
talking to whom. When we are speaking, we should
still remain familiar and understand the
context of the conversation to build
good communication
BIBLIOGRAPGY
Wardhaugh,
Ronald (2006) An Introduction to
Sociolinguistics, Blackwell Publishing,
USA
